Naming Convention

Python Naming Conventions

Proper naming conventions in Python are crucial for maintaining readable and maintainable code. Following these conventions helps ensure consistency and understanding across a codebase, making it easier for developers to collaborate. Below are the general naming conventions in Python, adhering to PEP 8, the style guide for Python code.

General Naming Rules

Descriptive Names

• Variables: Use meaningful and descriptive names that convey the purpose of the variable.

• Functions and Methods: Name functions and methods using verbs that describe what they do.

• Classes: Use nouns or noun phrases that describe what the class represents.

Case Styles

• snake_case: Lowercase letters with underscores between words. Used for functions, variables, and methods.

• PascalCase: Each word starts with a capital letter, with no underscores. Used for class names.

• UPPER_SNAKE_CASE: Uppercase letters with underscores between words. Used for constants.

Specific Conventions

Variables

• Use snake_case for variable names.

# Good
user_name = "John"
user_age = 30

# Bad
UserName = "John"
userAge = 30

Functions and Methods

• Use snake_case for function and method names.

• Function names should be descriptive and typically begin with a verb.

# Good
def get_user_name():
    return "John"

def calculate_age(birth_year):
    current_year = 2024
    return current_year - birth_year

# Bad
def GetUserName():
    return "John"

def calcAge(birthYear):
    current_year = 2024
    return current_year - birthYear

Classes

• Use PascalCase for class names.

# Good
class User:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

class UserManager:
    def add_user(self, user):
        pass

# Bad
class user:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

class user_manager:
    def add_user(self, user):
        pass

Constants

• Use UPPER_SNAKE_CASE for constant values.

# Good
MAX_USERS = 100
PI = 3.14159

# Bad
max_users = 100
Pi = 3.14159

Modules and Packages

• Use snake_case for module and package names. Avoid using dashes - and spaces.

# Good
import user_manager
from utils import calculate_age

# Bad
import userManager
from Utils import calculate_age

Naming Conventions for Special Variables

• Dunder (Double Underscore) Variables: Variables that start and end with double underscores are reserved for special use in the language. For example, __init__ for object constructors, __name__, and __main__.

class User:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

Naming Conventions in Specific Contexts

Instance and Class Variables

• Use snake_case for instance and class variables.

• Private variables should start with a single underscore _.

class User:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self._name = name  # private variable
        self.age = age

    def get_name(self):
        return self._name

Global Variables

• Use UPPER_SNAKE_CASE for global variables to indicate that they are constants.

MAX_CONNECTIONS = 10

def connect():
    pass

Method Arguments

• Use snake_case for method argument names.

class User:
    def __init__(self, user_name, user_age):
        self.name = user_name
        self.age = user_age

Exceptions

• Use PascalCase for exception class names.

class CustomError(Exception):
    pass

class UserNotFoundError(CustomError):
    pass

Summary

Following naming conventions is essential for writing clean and maintainable Python code. These conventions include using snake_case for variables and function names, PascalCase for class names, and UPPER_SNAKE_CASE for constants. Additionally, adhering to these conventions helps improve code readability and collaboration among developers.